Linguistics - Greek

Where we get our words in English from (...however indirectly!)

AGATHA
Strongs 18: agathos
A primary word; "good" (in any sense, often as noun):--benefit, good(-s, things), well.

ATTENTION
Strongs 816: atenizo
From a compound of 1 (as a particle of union) and teino (to stretch); to gaze intently:--behold earnestly (steadfastly), fasten (eyes), look (earnestly, steadfastly, up steadfastly), set eyes.

BALL
Strongs 906: ballo
A primary verb; to throw (in various applications, more or less violent or intense):--arise, cast (out), X dung, lay, lie, pour, put (up), send, strike, throw (down), thrust.

BASIS
Strongs 939: basis
From baino (to walk); a pace ("base"), i.e. (by implication) the foot:--foot.  Probably the root for basileus (Strongs 935: from 939 (through the notion of a foundation of power); a sovereign (abstractly, relatively, or figuratively):--king.) and basileia (Strongs 932: from 935; properly, royalty, i.e. (abstractly) rule, or (concretely) a realm (literally or figuratively):--kingdom, + reign.)

BEAUTIFUL (... everything beautiful in its time?)
Strongs 5611: horaios
From 5610; belonging to the right hour or season (timely), i.e. (by implication) flourishing (beauteous (figuratively)):--beautiful.
Strongs 5610: hora
Apparently a primary word; an "hour" (literally or figuratively):--day, hour, instant, season, X short, (even-)tide,  (high) time.

CALL
Strongs 2822: kletos
From the same as 2821; invited, i.e. appointed, or (specially), a saint:--called.
Strongs 2821: klesis
From a shorter form of 2564; an invitation (figuratively):--calling.
Strongs 2564: kaleo
Akin to the base of 2753; to "call" (properly, aloud, but used in a variety of applications, directly or otherwise):--bid, call (forth), (whose, whose sur-)name (was (called)).
Strongs 2753: keleuo
From a primary kello (to urge on); "hail"; to incite by word, i.e. order:--bid, (at, give) command(-ment).
So "call", at its most basic origin, means 'to incite using words'. Even today in English this rings true: "'What is he called?' called Mum"...
1. 'Call' can mean something equivalent to 'name' - 'what word do I use to elicit a response out of him in particular?' ... 'I think it's John' ... 'JOHN!' ... 'no, no response whatsoever' ... 'wait, no, sorry - try Jim' ... 'JIM! Yes, that's it - he's coming over!'
2. 'Call' can mean something equivalent to 'shout' - 'Mum spoke the words loudly to ensure they elicited a response'.
God's calling (e.g. Romans 1:6-7) is His using words (Jesus, and - by extension - the Bible) to elicit from His creation a response to His gospel invitation.

CHEER
Strongs 5485: charis
From 5463; graciousness (as gratifying), of manner or act (abstract or concrete; literal, figurative or spiritual; especially the divine influence upon the heart, and its reflection in the life; including gratitude):--acceptable, benefit, favour, gift, grace(- ious), joy, liberality, pleasure, thank(-s, -worthy).
Strongs 5463: chairo
A primary verb; to be "cheer"ful, i.e. calmly happy or well-off; impersonally, especially as salutation (on meeting or parting), be well:--farewell, be glad, God speed, greeting, hall, joy(- fully), rejoice.
... so Paul writes (e.g. Romans 1:7): "Cheers to you!"

CHLOE
Strongs 5514: Chloe
Feminine of apparently a primary word; "green"; Chloe, a Christian female:--Chloe.

CRIME
Strongs 02917: κρίμα [KRI/MA] {kríma}   \kree'-mah\
from ; a decision (the function or the effect, for or against ("crime")):--avenge, condemned, condemnation, damnation, + go to law, judgment.

DRAGON (see GAZE)

ECLECTIC / ELECT
Strongs 1588: eklektos
From 1586; select; by implication, favourite:--chosen, elect.
Strongs 1586: eklegomai
Middle voice from 1537 and 3004 (in its primary sense); to select:--make choice, choose (out), chosen.

ETHNIC
Strongs 1484: ethnos
Probably from 1486; a race (as of the same habit), i.e. a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-Jewish) one (usually, by implication,  pagan):--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.

EXTEND
Strongs 1614: ekteino
From 1537 and teino (to stretch); to extend:--cast, put forth, stretch forth (out).

FIRE (also PURE and PURIFY)
Strongs 4442: pur
A primary word; "fire" (literally or figuratively, specially, lightning):--fiery, fire.

GAZE (also DRAGON)
Strongs 1406: drachme
From 1405; a drachma or (silver) coin (as handled):--piece (of silver).
Strongs 1405: drassomai
Perhaps akin to the base of 1404 (through the idea of capturing); to grasp, i.e. (figuratively) entrap:--take.
Strongs 1404: drakon
Probably from an alternate form of derkomai (to look); a fabulous kind of serpent (perhaps as supposed to fascinate):--dragon.
…So, both money and Satan are named, in Greek at least, by our fascination with them.

GENERATE / WOMAN
Strongs 1135: gune
Probably from the base of 1096; a woman; specially, a wife:--wife, woman.
Strongs 1096: ginomai
A prolongation and middle voice form of a primary verb; to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e. (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.):--arise, be assembled, be(-come, -fall, -have self), be brought (to pass), (be)come (to pass), continue, be divided, draw, be ended, fall, be finished, follow, be found, be fulfilled, + God forbid, grow, happen, have, be kept, be made, be married, be ordained to be, partake, pass, be performed, be published, require, seem, be showed, X soon as it  was, sound, be taken, be turned, use, wax, will, would, be wrought.

GEORGE
Strongs 01092: γεωργός [GEWRGO/S] {geōrgós}   \gheh-ore-gos'\

From 01093 and the base of 02041; a land-worker, i.e. farmer:--husbandman.

Strongs 01093: γῆ [GH=] {gē}   \ghay\

Contracted from a primary word; soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application):--country, earth(-ly), ground, land, world.

Strongs 02041: ἔργον [E)/RGON] {érgon}   \er'-gon\

From a primary (but obsolete) ἔργω [E)/RGW] {érgō} (to work); toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act:--deed, doing, labour, work.

GOD / GODDESS
Strongs 2296: thaumazo
From 2295; to wonder; by implication, to admire:--admire, have in admiration, marvel, wonder.
Strongs 2295: thauma
Apparently from a form of 2300; wonder (properly concrete; but by implication, abstract):--admiration.
Strongs 2300: theaomai
A prolonged form of a primary verb; to look closely at, i.e. (by implication) perceive (literally or figuratively); by extension to visit:--behold, look (upon), see.
Strongs 2299: thea
Feminine of 2316; a female deity:--goddess.
Strongs 2316: theos
Of uncertain affinity; a deity, especially (with 3588) the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very:--X exceeding, God, god(-ly, -ward).

GOOD
Strongs 18: agathos
A primary word; "good" (in any sense, often as noun):--benefit, good(-s, things), well. Compare 2570.

GREGORY
Strongs 1127: gregoreuo
From 1453; to keep awake, i.e. watch (literally or figuratively):--be vigilant, wake, (be) watch(-ful).

HORIZON
Strongs 3724: horizo
From 3725; to mark out or bound ("horizon"), i.e. (figuratively) to appoint, decree, specify:--declare, determine, limit, ordain.
Strongs 3725: horion
Neuter of a derivative of an apparently primary horos (a bound or limit); a boundary-line, i.e. (by implication) a frontier (region):--border, coast.

HYPOCRISY
Strongs 5272: hupokrisis
From 5271; acting under a feigned part, i.e. (figuratively) deceit ("hypocrisy"):--condemnation, dissimulation, hypocrisy.
Strongs 5271: hupokrinomai
Middle voice from 5259 and 2919; to decide (speak or act) under a false part, i.e. (figuratively) dissemble (pretend):--feign.

INIQUITY (... what is "not shown" ...)
Strongs 93: adikia
From 94; (legal) injustice (properly, the quality, by implication, the act); morally, wrongfulness (of character, life or act):--iniquity, unjust, unrighteousness, wrong.
Strongs 94: adikos
From 1 (as a negative particle) and 1349; unjust; by extension wicked; by implication, treacherous; specially, heathen:--unjust, unrighteous.
Strongs 1349: dike
Probably from 1166; right (as self-evident), i.e. justice (the principle, a decision, or its execution):--judgment, punish, vengeance.
Strongs 1166: deiknuo
A prolonged form of an obsolete primary of the same meaning; to show (literally or figuratively):--shew.

IRENE
Strongs1515: eirene
Probably from a primary verb eiro (to join); peace (literally or figuratively); by implication, prosperity:--one, peace, quietness, rest, + set at one again.

KATHARINE
Strongs 2513: katharos
Of uncertain affinity; clean (literally or figuratively):--clean, clear, pure.

LAMP (...radiated (white) light)
Strongs 2986: lampros
From the same as 2985; radiant; by analogy, limpid; figuratively, magnificent or sumptuous (in appearance):--bright, clear, gay, goodly, gorgeous, white.

LOGIC
Strongs 3056: logos
From 3004; something said (including the thought); by implication, a topic (subject of discourse), also reasoning (the mental faculty) or motive; by extension, a computation; specially, (with the article in John) the Divine Expression (i.e. Christ):--account, cause, communication, X concerning, doctrine, fame, X have to do, intent, matter, mouth, preaching, question, reason, + reckon, remove, say(-ing), shew, X speaker, speech, talk, thing, + none of these things move me, tidings, treatise, utterance, word, work.
Strongs 3004: lego
A primary verb; properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate  (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas 2036 and 5346 generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while 4483 is properly to break silence merely, and 2980 means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean:--ask, bid, boast, call, describe, give out, name, put forth, say(-ing, on), shew, speak, tell, utter.

MATH(S)
Strongs 3129: manthano
Prolongation from a primary verb, another form of which, matheo, is used as an alternate in certain tenses; to learn (in any way):--learn, understand.

MATTHEW (also NATHAN)
Strongs 3156: Matthaios
A shorter form of 3161; Matthaeus (i.e. Matthitjah), an Israelite and a Christian:--Matthew.
Strongs 3161: Mattathias
Of Hebrew origin (4993); Mattathias (i.e. Mattithjah), an Israelite and a Christian:--Mattathias.
Strongs 4993: Mattithyah or Mattithyahuw
From 4991 and 3050; gift of Jah; Mattithjah, the name of four Israelites:--  Mattithiah.
Strongs 4991: mattath
Feminine of 4976 abbreviated form; a present:--gift.
Strongs 4976: mattan
From 5414; a present:--gift, to give, reward.
Strongs 5414: Nathan
A primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of  application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, +cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up),grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up),  (give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send(out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander, strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade,  turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to)God, yield.

MNEMONIC
Strongs 3419: mnemeion
From 3420; a remembrance, i.e. cenotaph (place of interment):--grave, sepulchre, tomb.
Strongs 3420: mneme
From 3403; memory:--remembrance.
Strongs 3403: mimnesko
A prolonged form of 3415 (from which some of the tenses are borrowed); to remind, i.e. (middle voice) to recall to mind:--be mindful, remember.
Strongs 3415: mnaomai
Middle voice of a derivative of 3306 or perhaps of the base of 3145 (through the idea of fixture in the mind or of mental grasp); to bear in mind, i.e. recollect; by implication, to reward or punish:--be mindful, remember, come (have) in remembrance.

MORON / MOROSE
Strongs 3474: moros
Probably from the base of 3466; dull or stupid (as if shut up), i.e. heedless, (morally) blockhead, (apparently) absurd:--fool(-ish, X -ishness).

NATHAN (see MATTHEW)

OLIVES (The "Mount of Olives" is mentioned in the New Testament and is, therefore, in Greek.  The Greek for Olives sounds the same as the Hebrew for "Elijah")
Strongs 1636: elaia
Feminine of a presumed derivative from an obsolete primary; an olive (the tree or the fruit):--olive (berry, tree).

PATH / "PAD" (verb)
Strongs 3961: pateo
From a derivative probably of 3817 (meaning a "path"); to trample (literally or figuratively):--tread (down, under foot).

PLASTIC
Strongs 04111: πλάσσω [PLA/SSW] {plássō}   \plas'-so\
A primary verb; to mould, i.e. shape or fabricate:--form.

PURE / PURIFY – see FIRE

SAIL (and SALT?)
Strongs 4529: Salamis
Probably from 4535 (from the surge on the shore); Salamis, a place in Cyprus:--Salamis.
Strongs 4535: salos
Probably from the base of 4525; a vibration, i.e. (specially), billow:--wave.

SCANDAL
Strongs 4625: skandalon
"Scandal;" probably from a derivative of 2578; a trap-stick (bent sapling), i.e. snare (figuratively, cause of displeasure orsin):--occasion to fall (of stumbling), offence, thing that offends, stumbling block.

SELENA
Strongs 4582: selene
From selas (brilliancy; probably akin to the alternate of 138, through the idea of attractiveness); the moon:--moon.

SON
Strongs 4862: sun
A primary preposition denoting union; with or together (but much closer than 3326 or 3844), i.e. by association, companionship, process, resemblance, possession, instrumentality, addition, etc.:--beside, with. In composition it has similar applications, including completeness.
[Used in, e.g., Strongs 4864: sunagoge
From (the reduplicated form of) 4863; an assemblage of persons; specially, a Jewish "synagogue" (the meeting or the place); by analogy, a Christian church:--assembly, congregation, synagogue.]

SPHERE
Strongs 4974: sphuron
Neuter of a presumed derivative probably of the same as sphaira (a ball, "sphere"; compare the feminine sphura, a hammer); the ankle (as globular):--ankle bone.

SUPERSTITION (...Desdemona!)
Strongs 1175: deisidaimonia
From the same as 1174; religion:--superstition.
Strongs 1174: deisidaimonesteros
The compound of a derivative of the base of 1169 and 1142; more religious than others:--too superstitious.
Strongs 1169: deilos
From deos (dread); timid, i.e. (by implication) faithless:--fearful.
Strongs 1142: daimon
From daio (to distribute fortunes); a dæmon or supernatural spirit (of a bad nature):--devil.

SYNOD ( "Conscience" in Romans 13:5 ... but "to understand union" / "have integrity" is better?)
Strongs 04893: συνείδησις [SUNEI/DHSIS] {syneídēsis}   \soon-i'-day-sis\
From a prolonged form of ; co-perception, i.e. moral consciousness:--conscience.
Strongs 04894: συνείδω [SUNEI/DW] {syneídō}   \soon-i'-do\
From 04862 and 01492; to see completely; used (like its primary) only in two past tenses, respectively meaning to understand or become aware, and to be conscious or (clandestinely) informed of:--consider, know, be privy, be ware of.
Strongs 04862: σύν [SU/N] {sýn}   \soon\
A primary preposition denoting union; with or together (but much closer than  or ), i.e. by association, companionship, process, resemblance, possession, instrumentality, addition, etc.:--beside, with. In composition it has similar applications, including completeness.
Strongs 01492: εἴδω [EI)/DW] {eídō}   \i'-do\
A primary verb; used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent  and ; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by implication, (in the perfect tense only) to know:--be aware, behold, X can (+ not tell), consider, (have) know(-ledge), look (on), perceive, see, be sure, tell, understand, wish, wot.

TRAUMA
Strongs 5134: trauma
From the base of titrosko (to wound; akin to the base of 2352, 5147, 5149, etc.); a wound:--wound.